📌 Formulas provided in the exam:
• $FSPL = 32.45 + 20\log D + 20\log f$
• $PL(d) = PL(d_0) + 10n\log(d/d_0)$
• Fresnel Zone Radius: $R = 17.31 \times \sqrt{\frac{N \times d_1 \times d_2}{f \times D}}$
• Earth bulge: $H_a = D^2 / 61.5$